Several psychiatric disorders have long been associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the underlying reasons have remained unclear. A recent study by Nanna Lindekilde and colleagues combined data from a large population-based survey with register-based information, followed a cohort of 250,013 Danes aged 16 and above for nearly nine years. The findings published in Journal of Diabetes and its Complications shed new light on the relationship between psychiatric conditions and T2D.


The study revealed that individuals with specific psychiatric disorders faced a significantly higher risk of developing T2D. These disorders included substance use disorder, schizophrenia, mood disorders, neurotic disorders, eating disorders, and personality disorders. However, conditions such as organic disorders, intellectual disabilities, developmental, and behavioral disorders did not show a significant association with T2D risk.
What emerged as a standout discovery was the role of psychotropic medication, particularly antidepressants, as a mediating factor in the link between psychiatric disorders and T2D. For all psychiatric disorders that were significantly associated with an increased risk of T2D, the use of antidepressant medication was found to have the most substantial proportional mediating effect, ranging from 13% to 32%. This suggests that the use of antidepressants plays a pivotal role in the development of T2D among individuals with psychiatric conditions.
The study's implications are significant, urging future epidemiological studies and prevention efforts to focus on two key areas. First, there is a need to enhance the use of antidepressant medications with a keen eye on minimizing side effects. Second, promoting healthier behaviors among individuals with psychiatric disorders should be a priority to mitigate the risk of T2D.

These findings underscore the complex relationship between mental health and physical health. They highlight the importance of integrated healthcare approaches that consider both psychiatric and metabolic aspects. By addressing these issues holistically, healthcare professionals can better support individuals with psychiatric disorders and reduce their risk of developing T2D, ultimately improving their overall well-being.
Source:
Lindekilde, N., Diaz, L. J., Lasgaard, M., Henriksen, J. E., Scheuer, S. H., Andersen, G. S., Rubin, K. H., & Pouwer, F. (2023). Elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes in people with a psychiatric disorder: What is the role of health behaviors and psychotropic medication? In Journal of Diabetes and its Complications (p. 108591). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108591