Study on Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa

According to a new study published in the Journal of American Medical Association-Dermatology, kidney and urinary tract infection involvement is a frequent complication in males with intermediate junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) associated with variations in any JEB-associated gene. Further researchers found that injuries to the mucosal membranes and fragile, blistering skin are common in people with junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB), which can cause skin loss.

Patients experiencing junctional epidermolysis bullosa have significant morbidity due to kidney-urinary tract (KUT) symptoms, although the clinical course and severity range of the illness are poorly understood. Therefore, Laura Trefzer and colleagues undertook this study to investigate the genotype-phenotype correlations, KUT symptoms, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and outcomes in a large cohort of patients with intermediate JEB as a foundation for recommendations, prognosis, and therapy.

In this retrospective, longitudinal case series investigation, 99 individuals who were treated in a single dermatology department in Freiburg, Germany, who had been diagnosed with JEB based on clinical and genetic findings were evaluated over the course of 18 years (January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2021). From patients' medical records, clinical, laboratory, and molecular genetic characteristics were taken. Clinical traits, natural history, treatment of KUT symptoms, and genotype-phenotype correlations of intermediate JEB were the main outcomes.

Key Findings

• 99 (54%) of the 183 individuals with JEB were included in this group and had intermediate JEB.
• 50 male and 49 female patients made up the cohort.
• KUT involvement impacting various levels of the urinary tract was absent in none of the 49 female patients and 15 of the 50 male patients, resulting in a male prevalence of 30% and an overall prevalence of 15%.
• The average age at which KUT symptoms first appeared was 6.9 years.
• 13 years were the median amount of time after the diagnosis of KUT involvement.
• At least one missense or splice site genetic variation was present in patients with laminin 332 deficiency or integrin 4 deficit, resulting in residual expression of laminin 332 or integrin 64, respectively.
• The level of skin involvement did not correlate with the severity of KUT problems, but rather with the damaged protein.

In conclusion, physicians should use multidisciplinary and customized diagnostic and treatment approaches to handle these consequences. Physicians and patients with intermediate JEB should be aware of the potential for KUT involvement. Given the rarity of this condition, multicenter investigations are necessary before making broad recommendations.

Reference

Trefzer, L., Schwieger-Briel, A., Nyström, A., Conradt, G., Pohl, M., Miernik, A., & Has, C. (2022). Kidney–Urinary Tract Involvement in Intermediate Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa. In JAMA Dermatology. American Medical Association (AMA). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.2885