Hyperglycemia and Hypertriglyceridemia Study

Hyperglycemia, also known as high blood glucose, is caused because the body lacks enough insulin. Associated with diabetes, hyperglycemia can cause vomiting, excessive hunger and thirst, rapid heartbeat, vision problems, and other symptoms.

Hypertriglyceridemia is perceived to promote atherosclerotic pathology, but its role in stroke has not been well defined. A recent study in Neurology by Takao Hoshino and team found that hypertriglyceridemia is an important modifiable risk factor that drives residual vascular risk in patients with stroke of atherothrombotic origin, even while on statin therapy.

Study Overview

The study aimed to assess the contribution of hypertriglyceridemia to residual vascular risk in patients with atherothrombotic stroke. The study included the Tokyo Women's Medical University Stroke Registry, an ongoing prospective, observational registry, in which 870 patients with acute ischemic stroke or TIA within 1 week of onset were consecutively enrolled and followed up for 1 year.

Hypertriglyceridemia was defined as serum triglycerides levels of ≥150 mg/dL under fasting conditions. Significant stenosis of the cervicocephalic arteries was defined as having 50% or greater stenosis or occlusion. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events, including nonfatal stroke, nonfatal acute coronary syndrome, and vascular death.

Results

• Total of 870 patients, 217 (24.9%) had hypertriglyceridemia. High triglycerides levels were significantly associated with an increased prevalence of intracranial artery stenosis, particularly in the anterior circulation, rather than extracranial artery stenosis.
• Patients with hypertriglyceridemia had a greater risk of major adverse cardiovascular events than those without (annual rate, 20.9% vs. 9.7%; P<0.001), even after adjustment for potential confounders, including baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and statin use (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.62-3.74).
• The higher risk of vascular events in hypertriglyceridemia versus non-hypertriglyceridemia patients was observed among patients with stroke of atherothrombotic origin (n=174; annual rate, 35.1% vs. 14.2%; P=0.001).
• Those with significant intracranial artery stenosis (n=247; annual rate, 29.9% vs. 14.7%; P=0.006), and those with significant extracranial carotid artery stenosis (n=123; annual rate, 23.0% vs. 9.4%; P=0.042).
• In contrast, hypertriglyceridemia was not predictive of recurrent vascular events in patients with cardioembolic stroke (n=221; annual rate, 19.1% vs. 10.5%; P=0.18).

Authors concluded that "Hypertriglyceridemia is an important modifiable risk factor that drives residual vascular risk in patients with stroke of atherothrombotic origin, even while on statin therapy."

Reference: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000200112