People's Republic of China: Research on Lipoprotein (a) and Diabetic Kidney Disease

Researchers from China found that elevated levels of lipoprotein (a) can be used as a tool to monitor Diabetic Kidney Disease as it is associated with decreased GFR, increased proteinuria, and renal pathological progression. The study results were published in the Journal of Diabetes and its Complications.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major complication of diabetes and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), thus affecting the quality of life of patients. Other contributing factors for renal insufficiency are hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, renal vascular diseases, acute kidney injury, etc. Dyslipidemia is common in diabetes mellitus, and its role in the pathogenesis of DKD is not clearly understood. Due to the scarcity of data currently on the role of lipid metabolism in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), Anni Wang and the team from the People's Republic of China conducted a study to investigate the correlation between lipid metabolism and renal function as well as renal pathological grade/score in DKD patients.

Also Read: Revised normative BP values for children show better discrimination of kidney disease risk

Out of 224 patients who were diagnosed with DKD by pathological examination and were retrospectively analyzed, 74 patients were further evaluated by DKD pathological grade/score. Serum lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)] levels in DKD patients with different chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages were investigated by ANOVA. The relationship between Lp (a) and renal function-related indicators and the DKD pathological grade/score was evaluated by Spearman correlation analysis. The value of Lp (a) in assessing renal function and pathological changes was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results

• Different stages of CKD showed significant differences in Lp (a) levels (H = 17.063, p = 0.002) and glomerular grades (H = 12.965, p = 0.005).
• The various levels with which Lp (a) levels correlated were serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, estimated glomerular filtration rate, 24-h proteinuria, urine microalbumin, urine albumin creatinine ratio, glomerular basement membrane thickness, and glomerular grade.
• ROC curve demonstrated good performance of Lp (a) as an indicator to assess CKD stage 4–5, 24hUPro > 3.5 g, and glomerular grade III-IV.

Also Read: Dapagliflozin reduces hospitalization risk in CKD patients regardless of diabetes status

Thus, elevated levels of lipoprotein (a) can be used as an indicator of DKD.

Further reading: Wang A, Zhang S, Li Y, Zhu F, Xie B. Study on the relationship between lipoprotein (a) and diabetic kidney disease. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications. 2023;37(1):108378. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108378