According to a recent study published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, carbohydrate restriction can exert a significant and important reduction on levels of cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Carbohydrate restriction is effective for type 2 diabetes management. Researchers aimed to evaluate the dose-dependent effect of carbohydrate restriction in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Researchers systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to May 2021 for randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of a carbohydrate-restricted diet (≤45% total calories) in patients with type 2 diabetes. The primary outcome was glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Secondary outcomes included fasting plasma glucose (FPG); body weight; serum total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol; triglyceride (TG); and systolic blood pressure (SBP). We performed random-effects dose-response meta-analyses to estimate mean differences (MDs) for a 10% decrease in carbohydrate intake.
The results of the study are:
Fifty trials with 4291 patients were identified.
At 6 months, compared with a carbohydrate intake between 55%–65% and through a maximum reduction down to 10%, each 10% reduction in carbohydrate intake reduced HbA1c (MD, −0.20%; 95% CI, −0.27% to −0.13%), FPG (MD, −0.34 mmol/L; 95% CI, −0.56 to −0.12 mmol/L), and body weight (MD, −1.44 kg; 95% CI, −1.82 to −1.06 kg).
There were also reductions in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, TG, and SBP.
Levels of HbA1c, FPG, body weight, TG, and SBP decreased linearly with the decrease in carbohydrate intake from 65% to 10%.
A U-shaped effect was seen for total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, with the greatest reduction at 40%. At 12 months, a linear reduction was seen for HbA1c and TG.
A U-shaped effect was seen for body weight, with the greatest reduction at 35%.
Thus, carbohydrate restriction can significantly reduce the levels of cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Levels of most cardiometabolic outcomes decreased linearly with the decrease in carbohydrate intake. U-shaped effects were seen for total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol at 6 months and for body weight at 12 months.
Reference:
Dose-dependent effect of carbohydrate restriction for type 2 diabetes management: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Get access Arrow by Ahmad Jayedi, et al. published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqac066
Keywords:
Dose-dependent, effect, carbohydrate, restriction, type 2 diabetes, management, systematic review, dose-response, meta-analysis, randomized, controlled trials, by Ahmad Jayedi, Sheida Zeraattalab-Motlagh, Bahareh Jabbarzadeh, Yasaman Hosseini, Aliyu Tijen Jibril, Hossein Shahinfar, Amin, The American Journal of Clinical NutritionMirrafiei, Fatemeh Hosseini, Sakineh Shab- Bidar, adiposity, carbohydrate restriction, ketogenic diet, low-carbohydrate diet, randomized controlled trial, obesity, type 2 diabetes