Administration of calcium does not improve outcomes during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in adults, according to a recent study published in the JAMA Cardiology.
It is unclear whether the administration of calcium has a beneficial effect in patients with cardiac arrest. A group of researchers conducted a study to determine whether the administration of calcium during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest improves return of spontaneous circulation in adults. This double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial included 397 adult patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and was conducted in the Central Denmark Region between January 20, 2020, and April 15, 2021. The last 90-day follow-up was on July 15, 2021. The intervention consisted of up to 2 intravenous or intraosseous doses with 5 mmol of calcium chloride (n = 197) or saline (n = 200). The first dose was administered immediately after the first dose of epinephrine. The primary outcome was sustained return of spontaneous circulation. The secondary outcomes included survival and a favorable neurological outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 0-3) at 30 days and 90 days.
The Results of the study are as follows:
Based on a planned interim analysis of 383 patients, the steering committee stopped the trial early due to concerns about harm in the calcium group. Of 397 adult patients randomized, 391 were included in the analyses (193 in the calcium group and 198 in the saline group; mean age, 68 [SD, 14] years; 114 [29%] were female). There was no loss to follow-up. There were 37 patients (19%) in the calcium group who had sustained return of spontaneous circulation compared with 53 patients (27%) in the saline group (risk ratio, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.49 to 1.03]; risk difference, −7.6% [95% CI, −16% to 0.8%]; P = .09). At 30 days, 10 patients (5.2%) in the calcium group and 18 patients (9.1%) in the saline group were alive (risk ratio, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.27 to 1.18]; risk difference, −3.9% [95% CI, −9.4% to 1.3%]; P = .17). A favorable neurological outcome at 30 days was observed in 7 patients (3.6%) in the calcium group and in 15 patients (7.6%) in the saline group (risk ratio, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.20 to 1.12]; risk difference, −4.0% [95% CI, −8.9% to 0.7%]; P = .12). Among the patients with calcium values measured who had a return of spontaneous circulation, 26 (74%) in the calcium group and 1 (2%) in the saline group had hypercalcemia.
Thus, the researchers concluded that among adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, treatment with intravenous or intraosseous calcium compared with saline did not significantly improve the sustained return of spontaneous circulation. These results do not support the administration of calcium during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in adults
Reference:
Effect of Intravenous or Intraosseous Calcium vs Saline on Return of Spontaneous Circulation in Adults with Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest A Randomized Clinical Trial by Mikael Fink Vallentin et al., published in the JAMA Cardiology.
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